price discrimination
price discrimination 价格歧视；价格差别 即不同顾客对同一产品或服务支付不同的价格。由于其可能减弱或破坏竞争，故法律对此予以禁止；但销售易腐坏物品或处理品、产品的成本价较低或为应付竞争对手的同等低价，则不在此限。 (→predatory intent; Robinson-Patman Act)
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Search Results for: price discrimination
price discrimination
price discrimination. The practice of offering identical or similar goods to different buyers at different prices when the costs of producing the goods are the same. • Price discrimination can violate antitrust laws if it reduces competition. It may be either direct, as when a seller charges different prices to different buyers, or indirect, as
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persistent price discrimination
A monopolist’s systematic policy of obtaining different rates of return from different sales groupings.
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price discrimination
The practice of offering identical or similar goods to different buyers at different prices when the costs of producing the goods are the same. • Price discrimination can violate antitrust laws if it reduces competition. It may be either direct, as when a seller charges different prices to different buyers, or indirect, as when a
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discrimination
discrimination n. 区别对待；歧视 就其作为中性词而言，discrimination(区别对待)是大多数法的目的。法律旨在将善行〔good or useful conduct〕与恶行〔harmful conduct〕分别开来。因而，通常必须将允许或禁止从事某一行为的人进行区分，例如，某些人饮酒有害，法律规定青少年不得饮酒。就本质而言，区别对待并非违宪。不过discrimination在目前的用法中，非指中性，而常被用作贬义。它指授予某些人特权或因种族、年龄、性别、民族、信仰或残疾剥夺某些人权利的法律或惯例的后果，或者指没有正当理由，不平等地对待各方。美国联邦法律、法院判例和州法禁止因种族、年龄、性别、民族等在僱佣、选举、公共教育、信贷〔extension of credit〕、住房〔housing〕等方面实行歧视待遇。 (→bias; disparate treatment; equal protection clause; equal protection of the laws; invidious discrimination; price discrimination; protected class; reverse discrimination)
economic discrimination
economic discrimination. Any form of discrimination within the field of commerce, such as boycotting a particular product or price-fixing. See BOYCOTT; PRICE DISCRIMINATION; PRICE-FIXING.
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cost justification
cost justification. Under the Robinson–Patman Act, an affirmative defense against a charge of price discrimination dependent on the seller’s showing that it incurs lower costs in serving those customers who are paying less. 15 USCA § 13(a).
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antitrust law
antitrust law. 1. The body of law designed to protect trade and commerce from restraints, monopolies, price-fixing, and price discrimination. • The principal federal antitrust laws are the Sherman Act (15 USCA §§ 1–7) and the Clayton Act (15 USCA §§ 12–27). “As legislative history and case law both disclose, the general objective of the
indirect purchaser doctrine
indirect-purchaser doctrine. Antitrust. The principle that in litigation for price discrimination, the court will ignore sham middle parties in determining whether different prices were paid by different customers for the same goods. • This doctrine gives standing to bring an antitrust action to a party who is not an immediate purchaser of a product. Thus,
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discount
discount, n. 1. A reduction from the full amount or value of something, esp. a price. 2. An advance deduction of interest when a person lends money on a note, bill of exchange, or other commercial paper, resulting in its present value. See PRESENT VALUE. 3. The amount by which a security’s market value is